Did Paul take instruction from Peter and the twelve apostles after his conversion?
No. Paul declares that immediately after his conversion he did not confer with flesh and blood, nor go up to Jerusalem to those who were apostles before him. He did not check in with the twelve or tell Peter to fill him in. Instead, he went into Arabia.
Les teaches that Paul, many years later writing to the Gentiles in Galatia, explained that God revealed His Son in him so he might preach Him among the Gentiles. Immediately after his conversion at Damascus, Paul did not confer with flesh and blood. He did not go back to Jerusalem to check in with the twelve or ask Peter to fill him in, even though Peter had been with the Lord three years and forty days after His resurrection. Paul had no contact with the twelve or Jerusalem leadership. Instead, Les explains, Paul went from Damascus into Arabia, which he identifies as Sinai/Mount Sinai. The geography also appears in Galatians 4:25.
To reveal his Son in me, that I might preach him among the heathen; immediately I conferred not with flesh and blood:
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Why didn't Paul go to Jerusalem to learn from Peter and the twelve after his conversion?
God deliberately distanced Paul from the twelve apostles in this new economy of grace; Paul could have nothing to do with them because they were steeped in Judaism and the Law.
Why did God keep Paul separate from the Twelve apostles after his conversion?
God kept Paul away from the Twelve after his conversion so that the revelations He would give Paul would not be mixed with what the Twelve had already understood.