Did God still give Israel the prospect of having the King and the Kingdom after Jesus' resurrection?
Yes. After the crucifixion and resurrection, Christ spent forty days appealing to the nation of Israel through the Twelve/Eleven, and Peter and the Eleven continued pleading in early Acts for Israel to recognize the crucified One as Messiah. God had not canceled Israel; the King and Kingdom remained a prospect, though Christ knew their response.
Les explains that even after the crucifixion and resurrection, Christ still spent 40 days appealing to the nation of Israel through primarily the 12 or the 11. Then as you come into the early chapters of Acts, Peter and the 11 continue to plead with the nation of Israel to recognize the One they crucified was the Messiah, and that is the whole theme in those early chapters. So God had not yet canceled the nation of Israel, and everything was still within at least the prospect that they could have the King and the Kingdom, although Christ of course knew what they were going to do. Later, in chapter 21, after His death, burial, and resurrection, the mindset of these 11 men is shown: Peter says he is going fishing, indicating he expected nothing from the Messiah.