What did the civil law require when someone wronged his neighbor?
When a Jew wronged his neighbor, the civil law stipulated how he had to make things right. This was distinct from the ceremonial law, which designated that under a certain circumstance of sin or wrongdoing, he had to do such and such, bring it to the priest.
Les explains that the law given to Israel included the religious, ritual, sacrifices, priesthood, and civil law, with the Ten Commandments at the heart. He notes that if a Jew misused his neighbor, the civil law stipulated how he had to make things right. The ceremonial law, by contrast, designated that under a certain circumstance of sin or wrongdoing, he had to do such and such, bring it to the priest. Les emphasizes the need to distinguish between the Ten Commandments (the moral law) and the whole system of law when studying terms in Romans.