Who were the Ten Commandments originally given to?

The Ten Commandments were directly given to the nation of Israel, not to the Gentile world. Because it is the Law of the sovereign Creator God, its influence extends to the ends of the earth, and all the world becomes guilty before God.

Les explains that the Ten Commandments were directly given to the nation of Israel, not to the Gentile world. Yet since it is the Law of the sovereign Creator God, its influence goes to the ends of the earth: every mouth is stopped, and all the world—not just Israel—becomes guilty before God. Even a Gentile cannot claim innocence after stealing, because God's Law says stealing is against His will. Therefore, by the deeds of the Law—by law-keeping or works—no flesh, Jew or Gentile, is justified in His sight. The Law had one function: to show mankind how sinful they really are, not to earn brownie points or slip in under the door.

Romans 3:19

Now we know that what things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the law: that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God.

Who were the Ten Commandments given to — Israel or the Gentiles?

The Ten Commandments were given directly to the nation of Israel, not to the Gentile world. However, because they are the Law of the sovereign Creator God, their influence extends to the ends of the earth, so all the world—Jew and Gentile—becomes guilty before God.