Did God know that Israel would fail to recognize the Messiah?
Yes, God knew Israel would fail to recognize the Messiah. Their blindness was prophesied, and God foreknew that Israel would not receive Him when He came. Paul explains this in Romans 9, showing that Israel's past dilemma was not a surprise to God, yet His covenant promises remain.
Les teaches that Romans 9 deals with Israel's past, and Paul dips back into the Old Testament because Israel's dilemma was prophesied. God knew Israel would be blind and would not recognize her Messiah even when He came. Paul then references Hosea's prophecy about calling them His people who were not His people. In Romans 10, Paul shows how God treats Israel today: there is no difference, for a Jew must approach God on the same basis as a Gentile. Romans 11 then deals with Israel's future, where God is not through with the nation, and Israel's covenant promises are yet to be fulfilled—though not until God is finished dealing with the Gentile church. The Acts council also addressed Paul's going to the Gentiles, which the Jewish believers initially questioned.
As he saith also in Osee, I will call them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved, which was not beloved.
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