How long did Rome allow Jewish temple worship?
Rome allowed Jewish temple worship at least until 70 A.D. The empire respected ancient religions, and Judaism was seen as ancient, so Rome offered no opposition. By contrast, Rome opposed Christianity because it appeared new, not ancient. This explains Rome's differing treatment of the two faiths.
Les explains that Rome, though pagan, had respect for any ancient religion, whether their own or someone else's. In the eyes of Rome, Judaism was as ancient as you could get it, so they put up with it and let the Jews have their temple worship at least until 70 A.D., never giving them opposition. But when Christianity came on the scene, it was not anything ancient; it was something new, and that Rome could not go for. The Roman Caesars, including Nero, did everything they could to stamp it out. Les connects this mindset to Paul's testimony in chapter 26, where Paul makes plain he voted to have Jewish believers not just thrown in prison but put to death.