Why were the believers still going only to Jews seven years after Pentecost?
They were still obeying Jesus' explicit command to go only to the lost sheep of the house of Israel, not to Gentiles. With no New Testament yet written, they preached from the Old Testament. This occurred about seven years after Pentecost, before the Lord made clear to Ananias that a change of direction was coming.
Les explains that the scattered believers traveled as far as Phenis, to Cyprus, and up to Antioch in Syria, preaching the Word to Jews only. Since no New Testament had been written yet, the Word they had was the Old Testament. This was long after Pentecost, about seven years, and they were still adhering to Jesus' commandment in Matthew: go not in the way of a Gentile, but go only to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. Les says this helps explain why the Lord had to make such an emphasis to Ananias about the purpose of saving this Jewish zealot, showing that a change of direction was coming. From Genesis 12 until Acts chapter 9, God was dealing with the nation of Israel, not exclusively, but almost.
These twelve Jesus sent forth, and commanded them, saying, Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the Samaritans enter ye not:
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How long after Pentecost did the believers still preach only to Jews?
This scattering and preaching to Jews only happened long after Pentecost, which Les estimates at about seven years after Pentecost.