What were the two stone tables Moses carried down from Mount Sinai?
The two stone tables were the tables of the testimony, containing the moral law—the Ten—written on both sides, one side and the other. They were God's work, and the writing was God's writing, engraved on the tables. Moses carried them down from Mount Sinai in his hand.
Les explains that as Moses turned and went down from Mount Sinai, the two tables of the testimony were in his hand; he identifies them as the moral law, the Ten, written on both sides, on one side and the other. The tables were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, graven upon the tables. Les notes that Joshua evidently accompanied Moses up the mountain, but when Moses went into the very presence of God, Joshua had to stay back, so Moses was alone with God. After God gave instructions for building the tabernacle and gave the law, Moses and Joshua resumed companionship as they came down. Joshua heard the people shouting and thought it was war in the camp, but Moses said it was not the voice of those shouting for mastery or crying out as overcome; it was the noise of those that sing. When Moses came near the camp, he saw the calf and the dancing—Les says the Hebrew indicates seductive, lascivious dancing. His anger waxed hot, and he cast the tables out of his hands and broke them beneath the mountain.
And Moses turned, and went down from the mount, and the two tables of the testimony were in his hand: the tables were written on both their sides; on the one side and on the other were they written.