Why did God give the whole system of law and not just the Ten Commandments?
God gave the whole system of law because man, including Israel, would soon break the Ten Commandments. Beyond the moral law, He provided civil laws to govern offenses, property damage, and compensation, as when a bull tramples another’s grain and compensation must be made.
Les explains that after the law was given, man being what he is, even Israel was shortly going to break it. So God had to give not only the Ten Commandments but the whole system of law. Les divides that system into the moral law, which is the Ten, and the civil law. The civil law addressed situations such as a bull getting out and trampling down someone else’s grain, requiring a system of compensation, and cases where someone did someone wrong.