Why did God add civil and ceremonial laws to the Ten Commandments?
God added civil and ceremonial laws to the Ten Commandments to bring in the religious system of the Law for Israel, including rules for dealing with one another (civil law), stipulations for the priesthood (ecclesiastical law), and instructions for building the tabernacle.
Les explains that in order to bring in the religious system of the Law, God had to add to the Ten Commandments all the rituals—the regulations, rules, and commandments of dealing with each other, which are called the civil law, and all the stipulations for the priesthood, called the ecclesiastical part of the Law. God also gave Moses instructions for building the tabernacle, which they accomplished in the wilderness of Sinai. When the tabernacle was finished, the Shekinah glory came down upon it, and whenever the glory lifted and moved, they took down the tabernacle and followed it. This was the giving of the Law, which they carried into the Promised Land after 40 years. For years it sat as a temporary tent north of Jerusalem until God gave David, and then Solomon, permission to build a permanent dwelling place, Solomon's Temple. All this was part of the giving of the Law to Israel, their heritage. The Law was never given to the Gentiles but only to Israel, though it covered the whole human race.