Why does Paul say he is not condemning the whole congregation in 2 Corinthians 2:5?
Paul clarifies that the grief was caused by only a portion, a fraction or percentage, of the Corinthian congregation, not by all of them. Since the whole church was not guilty, he refuses to overcharge or condemn everyone; only that small percentage had caused him grief.
Les explains that Paul's phrase 'in part' means a percentage or fraction, so Paul was not condemning the entire congregation. He says, 'that I may not overcharge you all,' because not everyone was guilty; only a small percentage had caused him grief. Les then notes verse 6 speaks of punishment inflicted by many, or the majority, which implies a minority. It was not a total consensus, but it was enough of a majority for the church to take action. Les connects this situation back to 1 Corinthians 5, where the congregation had a gross situation.
But if any have caused grief, he hath not grieved me, but in part: that I may not overcharge you all.