Did Jesus explain the meaning of the bread and wine or give instructions for how to observe the Lord's Supper?
No. Jesus identified the bread as His body and the cup as His blood of the New Testament shed for many for remission of sins, but He gave no doctrinal exposition of the bread and wine and no instructions for how to practice the Lord's Supper from that point forward.
Les explains that this was the last supper, a regular meal eaten before the Passover lambs were killed, not the Passover lamb itself. As they were eating, Jesus took bread, blessed and broke it, gave it to the disciples, and said, “Take eat, this is My body.” He took the cup, gave thanks, gave it to them, and said, “Drink all of it, for this is My blood of the New Testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins.” He also said He would not drink of the fruit of the vine henceforth until He drinks it new with them in His Father’s Kingdom. Les points out that Jesus gives no doctrinal exposition on the bread and wine—not a word—and no explanation or instructions on how to practice it from here on.
And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and brake it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is my body.
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Did Jesus explain the bread and cup at the Last Supper or institute communion?
Although Jesus spoke the words of the bread and the cup in the upper room, He gave no explanation of them and did not institute them as a required practice — the cup and the bread just drop out of the Gospel accounts.