Was Paul with the Corinthians long enough to teach them all these biblical principles?
Yes. Paul was with them long enough to lay out all these biblical principles of morality and spirituality, even though he was not with them long. He was not in any one place that long, and Christianity survived impossible odds only by God's miraculous working power.
Les explains that although Paul was not with the Corinthians a long time, his time was still long enough for him to lay out the biblical principles of morality and spirituality. Christianity did not advance because Paul remained in one place a long time, since he was not in any one place that long. The people were steeped in idolatry, and even the Jewish element was steeped in Judaism, so the odds were impossible. If God had not worked miraculously, Christianity would never have gotten off the ground or survived.
Know ye not that your bodies are the members of Christ? shall I then take the members of Christ, and make them the members of an harlot? God forbid.