What dilemma does the human race face because of Adam's sin?
Because Adam's sin brought death into the world, the human race faces a twofold dilemma: all are sinners, and all are under death. Spiritual death has already taken place—people are born dead—and physical death awaits everyone. Death passed upon all men because all have sinned.
Les explains that the need for justification by faith and faith alone began back in the Garden when Adam fell and death came with sin. The human race is now faced with the dilemma that not only are we sinners, but we are also in a circumstance of death. Spiritual death has already taken place; we are born dead. Physically, every human being will approach death someday. Paul concludes at verse 12 that by one man, Adam, sin entered into the world, and death came with sin; so death passed upon all men, for all have sinned. The two—sin and death—become synonymous. Les also notes that death reigned as king from Adam to Moses, even over those who had not sinned after the similitude of Adam's transgression—they were not faced with a tree and a forbidden fruit.