Is election according to predestination or foreknowledge in 1 Peter 1:2?
In 1 Peter 1:2, election is according to foreknowledge, not predestination. The context states the elect are 'not according to predestination, but according to foreknowledge.' This foreknowledge was operative in eternity past when the plan of redemption was put together.
Les explains that Peter writes to Jewish believers scattered throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, identifying them as the elect. He emphasizes that this election is not according to predestination but according to foreknowledge. Les notes that in eternity past, the Godhead put the plan of redemption together, and foreknowledge was the reason they could do so. While the crucifixion was in God's predetermined counsel, the election of these believing Jews is specifically according to foreknowledge, which makes all the difference.
Elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: Grace unto you, and peace, be multiplied.