In Matthew 10, who did Jesus send the twelve to?

Jesus sent the twelve specifically to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. He commanded them not to go into the way of the Gentiles or enter any city of the Samaritans, but rather to go to Israel, described as the sheep of His pasture.

Les explains that in Matthew 10 Jesus sent forth the twelve with explicit instructions: they were not to go into the way of the Gentiles or into any city of the Samaritans. Instead, they were to go to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. He connects this to the analogy running through Jesus' earthly ministry that Israel is the sheep of His pasture, an image also drawn from the Old Testament, such as “The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want.” Les notes this original setting concerned the Lord's dealing with His covenant nation, the children of Israel, even though Psalm 23 can still be used.

Matthew 10:5

These twelve Jesus sent forth, and commanded them, saying, Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the Samaritans enter ye not:

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What did Jesus command the Twelve in Matthew 10:5-6?

Jesus commanded the Twelve not to go into the way of the Gentiles or enter any city of the Samaritans. Instead, He directed them to go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. This instruction was given at the onset of His earthly ministry, within Israel, as their marching orders.