Who was involved in the crucifixion of Jesus?
Both Romans and Jews were involved in the crucifixion, but Scripture primarily places responsibility on the nation of Israel. Israel should have known and could have known who Jesus was from the Old Testament, yet did not know, so Jesus' plea for forgiveness referred primarily to the Jew.
Les explains that although Romans and Jews were both involved in the crucifixion, Scripture lays the primary responsibility on the nation of Israel. Israel should have known who He was, and could have known, because the Old Testament was full of it, but Israel did not know. Therefore, when Jesus said, "Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do," He was referring primarily to the Jew, not including the Romans as much as the Jew. That responsibility is going to be laid on Israel as we go into the Book of Acts.