When Jesus said "I will build my church," was he talking about the Church, the Body of Christ?
No. The word translated “church” is Ecclesia, a called-out assembly, and it is used in different ways. Therefore, that statement was not specifically referring to the Church as we know it, the Body of Christ, which Paul later qualifies as His body.
Les explains that the Gospel accounts, including Matthew, Mark, Luke, and even John, are still predominantly directed to the nation of Israel. The Church as we know it, the Body of Christ, was kept secret in the mind of God and is part of the mysteries, so no part of it could slip out. He therefore does not think Jesus was specifically referring to the Church, the Body of Christ, when He said, “I will build my church.” The word Ecclesia, translated church, is used in different ways. Stephen called Israel in the wilderness the Church in the Wilderness—a called-out assembly—though that was not the Body of Christ. In Acts, a riotous mob in Ephesus was also called an Ecclesia, translated assembly. So the word church does not automatically mean the Body of Christ. Paul almost always qualifies the present-day Church as the Body of Christ, or the Church which is His body.