What does Peter's hesitation at Cornelius's house show about whether he had understood Paul's gospel of grace?
Peter's hesitation shows he had not comprehended Paul's gospel of grace. His objection at Cornelius's threshold—calling it unlawful for a Jew to keep company with a Gentile—reveals he was still thinking according to law. If he had understood grace, such a thought would not have crossed his mind.
Les explains that Peter's vision of the sheets and his words at Cornelius's house demonstrate that the Jerusalem Jewish believers were still basically law keepers and had not comprehended Paul's gospel of grace. Peter said, "Not so, Lord," because he had never gone contrary to the law and ate kosher. At Cornelius's threshold, Peter told him it was unlawful for a Jew to keep company with a man of another nation. Les says if Peter understood Paul's gospel of grace, that would not have even crossed his mind; he should have been thrilled to enter the house of a military officer. Instead, it was bugging him because, as a good Jew according to the law, he could not go in. God had made it plain this was what He wanted, but Peter's hesitation showed his law-based mindset. The controversy with Jerusalem emissaries undermining Paul's congregations and questioning his apostleship illustrates the same failure to understand grace.
Would Peter have hesitated to enter Cornelius' house if he understood the gospel of grace?
No. Had Peter understood the gospel of grace, the law-based barrier against keeping company with a Gentile would never have crossed his mind. Instead of hesitating at Cornelius' threshold, he would have been eager—even thrilled—to enter the military officer's house. His words there show he had not yet comprehended that gospel.
How would Peter have responded to Cornelius if he had understood Paul's gospel of grace?
Had Peter understood Paul's gospel of grace, the law's prohibition against a Jew keeping company with a Gentile would never have crossed his mind. Instead of hesitating at Cornelius's threshold, he would have been thrilled to enter the house of a military officer, free from law-based scruples.