What did casting lots on the two goats determine?
The lot decided which of the two goats would be killed as the Lord's sin offering and which would remain alive as the scapegoat, to be let go into the wilderness. One goat was designated for the Lord; the other bore the blame and was sent away alive.
Les teaches that the high priest started with three animals: the bullock for his own and his family's sin, plus two kid goats. After the bullock, he came to the two goats and cast lots—essentially drawing straws—to determine which goat would be killed and which would be left alive. The lot falling to the Lord meant that goat was offered as a sin offering; its blood was taken behind the veil and sprinkled on the golden mercy seat with the priest's finger, not in gobs. The lot falling to the scapegoat meant that goat was presented alive before the Lord, then let go into the wilderness. Les points out that the word scapegoat is still used for someone who takes the blame for another.