What was the setting for the giving of the Law at Mount Sinai?
Israel came out of Egypt under Moses and camped around Mount Sinai. God called Moses up into the mountain, which was on fire with smoke. Moses remained there 40 days and 40 nights while God wrote the Ten Commandments, the moral law, on tables of stone.
The context explains that Israel came out of Egypt under Moses, and Moses led them down to Mount Sinai, where they camped around the mountain. God called Moses up into the mountain, which was on fire and filled with smoke. Moses was there for 40 days and 40 nights, and God wrote the Ten Commandments on tables of stone—basically what is referred to as the law, the moral law.
Who are Israelites; to whom pertaineth the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the service of God, and the promises;