Is the tribulation for the church or for Israel?

The tribulation is primarily God's dealing with the nation of Israel, not the church. Scripture presents it as the time when Israel's covenant promises come into fruition, and the church cannot be run into that period because the church is not under Israel's covenants; those covenants are Jew only.

Les explains that the tribulation is primarily God dealing with the nation of Israel, and you cannot run the church into God's dealing with His covenant people. He points to Jeremiah 30 and Jeremiah 31 to show that God is not through with Israel and will fulfill the covenant promises made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Those covenants have nothing to do with the Gentile; they are Jew only and will finally come into fruition in the tribulation, the time of God dealing with Israel. Les also notes that while individual Jews can be saved in the age of grace, the church is not to be mixed up with Israel in the tribulation because this is God's dealing with Israel, not the church.

Jeremiah 30:5

For thus saith the LORD; We have heard a voice of trembling, of fear, and not of peace.

What does Jeremiah 30:5 teach about the tribulation and Israel?

Jeremiah 30:5 depicts the tribulation as a time of trembling, fear, and not peace, with anguish like a woman in travail and pale faces. It teaches that these horrors are directed primarily to the children of Israel, because the tribulation is God dealing with His covenant nation, not the church.