Which remnant is Paul talking about in Romans 9-11?
The remnant is the preserved body of Jews kept through the coming tribulation period. At Christ's return, they will see Him coming in the clouds of glory and believe in a moment, and all Israel will be born in a day spiritually as the New Covenant becomes reality.
Les explains that the remnant in Romans 9–11 is the company of Jews God preserves through the tribulation period. It is not a remnant that Israel chooses by saying, “We have decided to follow God.” Instead, when Christ returns and sets up His Kingdom, that kept remnant will see Him coming in the clouds of glory and believe in a moment. Les connects this to Isaiah 66, where the nation is born in a moment: the whole nation of Israel is born in a day spiritually, and then the New Covenant becomes reality. In that day God will put His law in their inward parts, write it in their hearts, be their God, and they shall be His people. This is the remnant Paul deals with in Romans 9, 10, and 11.
More Questions
What does the nation of Israel being born in a day have to do with the remnant in Romans 9–11?
The nation of Israel is going to be born in a day spiritually, and the remnant Paul deals with in Romans 9–11 is connected to that national birth.
Why do we need to go back to Genesis when studying Romans 9-11?
Because everything ties together in Genesis, Romans 9-11 must be tied to the Old Testament account rather than read alone.
Why must Romans 9-11 be interpreted in light of the Old Testament?
Paul wrote Romans 9-11 with special regard to the nation of Israel, so we must tie these chapters to the Old Testament account.